Full Knight of Russian St. George Cross ,Israeli Hero ,British Officer badge pin

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Joseph Vladimirovich (Vulfovich) Trumpeldor
יוסף טרומפלדור (Yosef TRUMPELDOR)
Date of Birth
November 21 (
December 3
)
1880
Place of Birth
Pyatigorsk
,
Terek Region
,
Russian Empire
[1]
Date of death
March 1,
1920
(39 years old)
Place of death
Tel Hai
,
British Mandate in Palestine
Affiliation
Russian Empire
,
Great Britain
,
Palestine
(Jewish self-defense units)
Type of army
infantry
Years of service
1902
-
1906
,
1915
-
1920
Rank
Ensign of the
Russian Army
,
Captain of the
British Army
Part
27th East Siberian Rifle Regiment
,
Jewish Legion
,
HaShomer
Commanded
Jewish Legion
Battles / wars
Port Arthur Defense
,
Dardanelles Operation
,
Tel Hai Defense
Awards and prizes
Retired
Law student,
Imperial St. Petersburg University
,
kibbutz
worker
Dgania
Wikimedia Commons Media Files
Iosif Vladimirovich (Vulfovich) Trumpeldor
(
November 21
(
December 3
),
1880
,
Pyatigorsk
,
Russian Empire
-
March 1,
1920
,
Tel Hai
,
Galilee
,
Palestine
);
Heb.
טרומפלדור
יוסף
) -
Jewish
political and social activist, the Russian military, one of the most prominent activists of the early
Zionist movement
.
The organizer of Jewish self-defense units in the settlements of Jewish repatriates in Palestine.
Full Knight of
St. George Cross
[2]
.
Content
1
Biography
1.1
Russian Empire
1.2
Repatriation to Palestine
2
memory
3
Illustrations
4
notes
5
Literature
Biography
Born in the family of the senior paramedic of the Rostov Jewish Hospital, Wolf Samoilovich Trumpeldor (1837—?)
[3]
, who moved with his family to Rostov from Pyatigorsk in 1883.
He graduated from the
header
and the city school in
Rostov-on-Don
, after which he studied dentistry.
He worked as a dentist.
Trumpeldor dreamed of creating
Jewish agricultural communes
in
Palestine
, which, if necessary, should be protected with weapons in their hands
[4]
[5]
.
Russian Empire
In 1902, Trumpeldor was drafted into the Russian army and assigned to a unit located in the
Kiev Military District
.
After the outbreak of the
Russo-Japanese War,
Joseph wrote a report asking him to send him to the front.
Having become a military assistant doctor of the
27th East Siberian Regiment
stationed in
Port Arthur
, he achieved transfer to regimental intelligence.
During the
defense of Port Arthur,
Trumpeldor was seriously wounded in battle and lost his left hand.
However, he refused demobilization and requested a report on his return to the front line:
Corporal of the 7th company
Joseph Trumpeldor
, referring in a memorandum from the 24th to his company commander, writes:
“I have one arm left;
but this one is right.
And therefore, wishing, as before, to share my fighting life with my comrades, I ask for your noble petition to issue me drafts and revolvers. ”
Trumpeldor was seconded to the hospital, where he had the opportunity to be spared the mortal danger and difficulties of the trench life, but he volunteered for the front line of the front, where he repeatedly showed miracles of courage ...
Being seriously wounded, Trumpeldor did not want to use the legal right to turn into a disabled person and despising danger, again offered his half-crippled life to fight the enemy.
Trumpeldor brings to the good of the Motherland more than what is required by our oath, and his act deserves to be inscribed in gold letters in the history of the regiment.
I reward him with the St. George Cross and promoted to senior
non-commissioned officer
.
Read this order in all companies, batteries and individual parts and talk with the soldiers on the contents of the order.
-
commandant of the
Port Arthur
fortress
,
lieutenant general
K. N. Smirnov
, order of November 29, 1904
The request of the hero soldier was granted.
After the surrender of
Port Arthur,
Trumpeldor was sent to
Japan
, to a prisoner of war camp, where he took care of prisoners, especially Jews, and organized a Zionist group and a group of Jewish soldiers, whose goal was to create an agricultural commune in
Eretz Israel
.
In 1906 he received the rank of an
ordinary warrant officer
(i.e., a senior non-commissioned officer with officer plenipotentiaries, the rank was assigned as temporary until the officer passed the exam), and continued military service, however, realizing that, as a Jew, he received the first officer rank as
ensign
or pass an officer test for second
lieutenant
and it’s practically impossible, he retired from the army in 1908, having received the rank of
warrant officer of the
reserve (assigned only when he was transferred to the reserve), thus becoming a RIA officer.
After the war, Trumpeldor entered the law faculty of
St. Petersburg University
.
At the same time, he gathered like-minded people ready to participate in the creation of an agricultural commune in Palestine;
The group's goal was to free the Jewish people from national oppression by ensuring their independent existence in Eretz Yisrael.
Repatriation to Palestine
In 1911 he repatriated to Palestine.
In 1914 he moved to
Egypt
, where, together with
Vladimir Jabotinsky, he
formed the
Jewish Legion
in the ranks of the British army.
In June 1917, Trumpeldor returned to Russia with the aim of persuading the
Provisional Government to
form a Jewish regiment in the Russian army.
According to his plan, the regiment would break through the Turkish front in the Caucasus to Eretz Yisrael.
On October 10-15, 1917, in Kiev, under the chairmanship of Trumpeldor, a conference of representatives of the Jewish warrior unions was held, where it was decided to create the
General Federation of Jewish Soldiers in Russia
and the General Federation of
Jewish Self-Defense
.
In 1918, he created the
He-Halutz
organization in Russia
, which helped Jews travel to Palestine.
Upon his return to Palestine, he led the creation of Jewish self-defense units.
When the Arab troops operating against the French authorities in Syria began to threaten Jewish settlements in the British mandate of the Upper Galilee, Trumpeldor was entrusted with organizing the defense of these settlements.
On January 1, 1920, Trumpeldor arrived at the site and, together with settlers and volunteers from more southern areas, began to strengthen the settlements of
Tel Hai
,
Kfar Giladi
and
Metula
.
On March 1, significant Arabs approached Tel Hai.
During negotiations with their leaders, a skirmish ensued during which Trumpeldor was wounded in the stomach.
The battle lasted all day, and only in the evening Trumpeldor, along with other wounded, was evacuated to
Kfar Giladi
However, he died on the way.
Mortally wounded, he told his friends: “It’s good to die for your country!” “טוב למות בעד ארצנו” (Heb.)
Memory
At the cemetery, located between Tel Khai and Kfar Giladi, where, together with other comrades who died on that day, I. Trumpeldor was buried, the monument “Roaring lion”
[6]
was erected
.
In 1979,
Israel
issued two
postage stamps
and
an envelope on the first day
, dedicated to the memory of I. Trumpeldor
[7]
.
On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the defense of Tel Hai, a
special stamp
and an illustrated envelope with his portrait were made
[7]
.
Many cities in Israel have streets named after Trumpeldor.
Memorial plaques in memory of Trumpeldor were installed in
Pyatigorsk
on the facade of house number 12 on Sobornaya street and in
Simferopol
on house number 6 on Pushkin street.
В 1902 году Трумпельдор был призван в российскую армию и назначен в часть, расположенную в
Киевском военном округе
. После начала
русско-японской войны
Иосиф написал рапорт с просьбой отправить его на фронт. Став военфельдшером
27-го Восточно-Сибирского полка
, дислоцированного в
Порт-Артуре
, он добился перевода в полковую разведку. При
обороне Порт-Артура
Трумпельдор был тяжело ранен в бою и потерял левую руку. Однако, отказался от демобилизации и обратился с рапортом о возвращении на передовую:
Ефрейтор 7 роты
Иосиф Трумпельдор
, обращаясь в докладной записке от 24 числа к своему ротному командиру, пишет:
«У меня осталась одна рука; но эта одна — правая. А потому, желая по-прежнему делить с товарищами боевую жизнь, прошу ходатайства Вашего благородия о выдаче мне шашки и револьвера».
Трумпельдор был прикомандирован к госпиталю, где он имел возможность быть избавленным от смертельной опасности и трудностей окопной жизни, но он пошёл добровольцем на передовую линию фронта, где неоднократно показал чудеса храбрости…
Будучи тяжело раненным, Трумпельдор не пожелал воспользоваться законным правом обратиться в инвалида и презирая опасность, вновь предложил свою полуискалеченную жизнь на борьбу с врагом. Трумпельдор приносит на благо Родины больше того, что требуется нашей присягой, и поступок его заслуживает быть вписанным золотыми буквами в историю полка.
Награждаю его Георгиевским крестом и произвожу в старшие
унтер-офицеры
.
Приказ этот прочесть по всем ротам, батареям и отдельным частям и побеседовать с солдатами по содержанию Приказа.
—
комендант крепости
Порт-Артур
,
генерал-лейтенант
К. Н. Смирнов
, приказ от 29 ноября 1904 г.
Просьба солдата-героя была удовлетворена. После капитуляции
Порт-Артура
Трумпельдор был отправлен в
Японию
, в лагерь для военнопленных, где заботился о пленных, особенно евреях, и организовал сионистскую группу и группу еврейских солдат, целью которых стало создание сельскохозяйственной коммуны в
Эрец-Исраэль
. В 1906 году получил чин
зауряд-прапорщика
(т.е. старшего унтер-офицера с офицерскими полномичиями, чин присваивался как временный до сдачи офицерского экзамена), и продолжил воинскую службу, однако поняв, что как иудею, получить первое офицерское звание
подпрапорщик
а или сдать офицерский экзамен на звание
подпоручик
а практически невозможно, уволился в 1908 году из армии, получив чин
прапорщик
а запаса (присваивался только при увольнении в запас), таким образом, став офицером РИА.